Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has caused tremendous damage in Ukraine, with estimated recovery and reconstruction costs of USD 486 billion as of 31 December 2023. Moreover, Ukraine has lost access to international financial markets and experienced a significant drop in public revenue, while public expenditure has increased substantially. Against that background, substantive funding needs for the coming years can be foreseen.
Text as published in the Official Journal, reproduced verbatim (including any typographical quirks of the source). For the authentic version, see EUR-Lex.
