Directive (EU) 2022/362 of the European Parliament and of the Council amended Directive 1999/62/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council by, among other changes, making it possible to set road charges according to vehicles’ CO2 emissions. It introduced the possibility of varying infrastructure and user charges and/or internalising the external costs of CO2 emissions. Both measures affect the operational costs of vehicles. The variation of charges decreases the operational costs of less-polluting vehicles, while external cost charges increase the operational costs of more-polluting vehicles. Both measures reduce the gap in the total cost of ownership between zero-emission and conventional vehicles. Both measures are important for strengthening the business case for investing in zero-emission vehicles.
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