Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has caused tremendous damage in Ukraine, with estimated recovery and reconstruction costs of EUR 506000000000 as of 31 December 2024. Moreover, Ukraine has lost access to international financial markets and experienced a significant drop in public revenue, while public expenditure has increased substantially. Against that background, it can be envisaged that Ukraine will have substantive funding needs in the coming years.
Text as published in the Official Journal, reproduced verbatim (including any typographical quirks of the source). For the authentic version, see EUR-Lex.
