Article 5 — Core Union database of default values for greenhouse gas emission intensities

1. The Commission, with the technical assistance of the European Environment Agency and, where necessary, with additional and voluntary input of the Member States, shall, by 2 December 2029, establish a core Union database. The Commission shall strive to include in the core Union database default values for greenhouse gas emission intensities for vehicle types typically used in the Union, in some or all Member States. 2. Where available and appropriate, the core Union database shall include default values for greenhouse gas emission intensities agreed by the Union, or in the interest of the Union, at international level. 3. The core Union database shall include a separate table for each mode of transport, in particular for maritime shipping default values for greenhouse gas emission intensities. The maritime shipping data shall be derived from the THETIS-MRV database and complemented, where applicable, with other sources of information, such as the FuelEU database established pursuant to Article 19(1) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1805. 4. When drawing up the default values for greenhouse gas emission intensities, the Commission shall: (a) apply the location-based approach provided for in the common methodology referred to in Article 3(1) and, where appropriate, take into account the unique features of different Member States; (b) take into account the greenhouse gas emission factors that have been determined in accordance with Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council. 5. The Commission shall, with the technical assistance of the European Environment Agency, ensure the maintenance, regular update, continuous development, and an appropriate level of security, of the core Union database pursuant to paragraph 1, taking into account the evolution of the technological state of the art in the transport sector, and any new methodological approaches for calculating greenhouse gas emissions. The Commission shall ensure the compatibility and consistency of the core Union database with existing Union legal acts. The Commission shall assess, at least on a yearly basis, the need to update the core Union database. Whenever default values for greenhouse gas emission intensities contained in the core Union database are updated, the Commission shall, without undue delay, make the updated default values publicly available. Transport and hub entities and data intermediaries shall use the latest available data to calculate and disclose their greenhouse gas emission information within 18 months of the date on which the update is made publicly available. The obligation to use the updated default values referred to in the second subparagraph shall apply only to new output data to be calculated and disclosed after the update, without requiring the retroactive revision of information already published. 6. Access for the public to the core Union database, in order to consult or use default values for greenhouse gas emission intensities, shall be free of charge, and shall be provided in all the official languages of the institutions of the Union.