It is estimated that in 2019, between 900000 and 1,7 million deaths around the world were attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) infections. At the same time, concern has been expressed about the risk of antimicrobial resistance developing from the presence of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance genes in the aquatic environment, but little monitoring has taken place. Appropriate indicators for the presence, evolution or transmission of antimicrobial resistance should also be included in the surface water and groundwater watch lists and monitored as soon as suitable monitoring methods have been developed. This is in line with the European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance, adopted by the Commission in June 2017, and with the Commission communication of 25 November 2020 entitled Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe, which also addresses that concern.
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